key: cc-by-4.0 short_name: CC-BY-4.0 name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License category: Permissive owner: Creative Commons homepage_url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ spdx_license_key: CC-BY-4.0 text_urls: - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode other_urls: - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode text: "Attribution 4.0 International\n\n=======================================================================\n\ \nCreative Commons Corporation (\"Creative Commons\") is not a law firm and\ndoes not provide\ \ legal services or legal advice. Distribution of\nCreative Commons public licenses does not\ \ create a lawyer-client or\nother relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related\n\ information available on an \"as-is\" basis. Creative Commons gives no\nwarranties regarding\ \ its licenses, any material licensed under their\nterms and conditions, or any related information.\ \ Creative Commons\ndisclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the\n\ fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public\ \ licenses provide a standard set of terms and\nconditions that creators and other rights\ \ holders may use to share\noriginal works of authorship and other material subject to copyright\n\ and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The\nfollowing considerations\ \ are for informational purposes only, are not\nexhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\ \n Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are\n intended for use by those\ \ authorized to give the public\n permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted\ \ by\n copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are\n irrevocable. Licensors\ \ should read and understand the terms\n and conditions of the license they choose before\ \ applying it.\n Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before\n applying\ \ our licenses so that the public can reuse the\n material as expected. Licensors should\ \ clearly mark any\n material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-\n \ \ licensed material, or material used under an exception or\n limitation to copyright.\ \ More considerations for licensors:\n\twiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors\n\ \n Considerations for the public: By using one of our public\n licenses, a licensor\ \ grants the public permission to use the\n licensed material under specified terms and\ \ conditions. If\n the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for\n \ \ example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to\n copyright--then that\ \ use is not regulated by the license. Our\n licenses grant only permissions under copyright\ \ and certain\n other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of\n the\ \ licensed material may still be restricted for other\n reasons, including because others\ \ have copyright or other\n rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests,\n\ \ such as asking that all changes be marked or described.\n Although not required\ \ by our licenses, you are encouraged to\n respect those requests where reasonable. More\ \ considerations\n for the public: \n\twiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees\n\ \n=======================================================================\n\nCreative Commons\ \ Attribution 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined\ \ below), You accept and agree\nto be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons\n\ Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the\nextent this Public\ \ License may be interpreted as a contract, You are\ngranted the Licensed Rights in consideration\ \ of Your acceptance of\nthese terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights\ \ in\nconsideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the\nLicensed Material available\ \ under these terms and conditions.\n\n\nSection 1 -- Definitions.\n\n a. Adapted Material\ \ means material subject to Copyright and Similar\n Rights that is derived from or based\ \ upon the Licensed Material\n and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered,\n\ \ arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring\n permission\ \ under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the\n Licensor. For purposes of this\ \ Public License, where the Licensed\n Material is a musical work, performance, or sound\ \ recording,\n Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is\n \ \ synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n b. Adapter's License means the license\ \ You apply to Your Copyright\n and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material\ \ in\n accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n c. Copyright\ \ and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights\n closely related to copyright\ \ including, without limitation,\n performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis\ \ Database\n Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or\n categorized.\ \ For purposes of this Public License, the rights\n specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are\ \ not Copyright and Similar\n Rights.\n\n d. Effective Technological Measures means those\ \ measures that, in the\n absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws\n\ \ fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright\n Treaty adopted on\ \ December 20, 1996, and/or similar international\n agreements.\n\n e. Exceptions and\ \ Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or\n any other exception or limitation\ \ to Copyright and Similar Rights\n that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\ \n f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,\n or other material\ \ to which the Licensor applied this Public\n License.\n\n g. Licensed Rights means the\ \ rights granted to You subject to the\n terms and conditions of this Public License,\ \ which are limited to\n all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the\n\ \ Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n h. Licensor means\ \ the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights\n under this Public License.\n\n i.\ \ Share means to provide material to the public by any means or\n process that requires\ \ permission under the Licensed Rights, such\n as reproduction, public display, public\ \ performance, distribution,\n dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make\ \ material\n available to the public including in ways that members of the\n public\ \ may access the material from a place and at a time\n individually chosen by them.\n\n\ \ j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright\n resulting from Directive\ \ 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of\n the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal\ \ protection of databases,\n as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially\n\ \ equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n k. You means the individual or entity\ \ exercising the Licensed Rights\n under this Public License. Your has a corresponding\ \ meaning.\n\n\nSection 2 -- Scope.\n\n a. License grant.\n\n 1. Subject to the terms\ \ and conditions of this Public License,\n the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide,\ \ royalty-free,\n non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to\n \ \ exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n a. reproduce\ \ and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or\n in part; and\n\n \ \ b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\n\n 2. Exceptions and Limitations.\ \ For the avoidance of doubt, where\n Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use,\ \ this Public\n License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with\n \ \ its terms and conditions.\n\n 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified\ \ in Section\n 6(a).\n\n 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed.\ \ The\n Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in\n all\ \ media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,\n and to make technical\ \ modifications necessary to do so. The\n Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert\ \ any right or\n authority to forbid You from making technical modifications\n \ \ necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including\n technical modifications\ \ necessary to circumvent Effective\n Technological Measures. For purposes of this\ \ Public License,\n simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)\n\ \ (4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n 5. Downstream recipients.\n\n \ \ a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every\n recipient\ \ of the Licensed Material automatically\n receives an offer from the Licensor\ \ to exercise the\n Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this\n\ \ Public License.\n\n b. No downstream restrictions. You may not\ \ offer or impose\n any additional or different terms or conditions on, or\n\ \ apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the\n Licensed\ \ Material if doing so restricts exercise of the\n Licensed Rights by any recipient\ \ of the Licensed\n Material.\n\n 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public\ \ License constitutes or\n may be construed as permission to assert or imply that\ \ You\n are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected\n with,\ \ or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,\n the Licensor or others\ \ designated to receive attribution as\n provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n \ \ b. Other rights.\n\n 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not\n \ \ licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,\n privacy, and/or\ \ other similar personality rights; however, to\n the extent possible, the Licensor\ \ waives and/or agrees not to\n assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the\ \ limited\n extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed\n Rights,\ \ but not otherwise.\n\n 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this\n\ \ Public License.\n\n 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right\ \ to\n collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed\n Rights,\ \ whether directly or through a collecting society\n under any voluntary or waivable\ \ statutory or compulsory\n licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly\n\ \ reserves any right to collect such royalties.\n\n\nSection 3 -- License Conditions.\n\ \nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the\nfollowing conditions.\n\ \n a. Attribution.\n\n 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified\n\ \ form), You must:\n\n a. retain the following if it is supplied by the\ \ Licensor\n with the Licensed Material:\n\n i. identification\ \ of the creator(s) of the Licensed\n Material and any others designated\ \ to receive\n attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by\n \ \ the Licensor (including by pseudonym if\n designated);\n\ \n ii. a copyright notice;\n\n iii. a notice that refers to this\ \ Public License;\n\n iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of\n \ \ warranties;\n\n v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material\ \ to the\n extent reasonably practicable;\n\n b. indicate if\ \ You modified the Licensed Material and\n retain an indication of any previous\ \ modifications; and\n\n c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this\n\ \ Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or\n hyperlink\ \ to, this Public License.\n\n 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1)\ \ in any\n reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in\n \ \ which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be\n reasonable to\ \ satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or\n hyperlink to a resource that includes\ \ the required\n information.\n\n 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must\ \ remove any of the\n information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent\n\ \ reasonably practicable.\n\n 4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce,\ \ the Adapter's\n License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted\n\ \ Material from complying with this Public License.\n\n\nSection 4 -- Sui Generis\ \ Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that\n\ apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1)\ \ grants You the right\n to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial\n\ \ portion of the contents of the database;\n\n b. if You include all or a substantial\ \ portion of the database\n contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database\n\ \ Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database\n Rights (but not\ \ its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\n\n c. You must comply with the conditions\ \ in Section 3(a) if You Share\n all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\n\ \nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not\nreplace Your obligations\ \ under this Public License where the Licensed\nRights include other Copyright and Similar\ \ Rights.\n\n\nSection 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n a.\ \ UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE\n EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE\ \ LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS\n AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS\ \ OR WARRANTIES OF\n ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,\n \ \ IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,\n WARRANTIES OF TITLE,\ \ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\n PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT\ \ OR OTHER DEFECTS,\n ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT\n\ \ KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT\n ALLOWED IN FULL\ \ OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.\n\n b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO\ \ EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE\n TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,\n\ \ NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,\n INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL,\ \ PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,\n COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS\ \ PUBLIC LICENSE OR\n USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN\n \ \ ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR\n DAMAGES. WHERE A\ \ LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR\n IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT\ \ APPLY TO YOU.\n\n c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided\n\ \ above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent\n possible, most closely\ \ approximates an absolute disclaimer and\n waiver of all liability.\n\n\nSection 6 --\ \ Term and Termination.\n\n a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright\ \ and\n Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with\n this Public\ \ License, then Your rights under this Public License\n terminate automatically.\n\n \ \ b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under\n Section 6(a),\ \ it reinstates:\n\n 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided\n\ \ it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the\n violation; or\n\n\ \ 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n For the avoidance of doubt,\ \ this Section 6(b) does not affect any\n right the Licensor may have to seek remedies\ \ for Your violations\n of this Public License.\n\n c. For the avoidance of doubt, the\ \ Licensor may also offer the\n Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or\ \ stop\n distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so\n will\ \ not terminate this Public License.\n\n d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination\ \ of this Public\n License.\n\n\nSection 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n a. The\ \ Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different\n terms or conditions communicated\ \ by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements\ \ regarding the\n Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and\n independent\ \ of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n\nSection 8 -- Interpretation.\n\n\ \ a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and\n shall not be interpreted\ \ to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose\n conditions on any use of the Licensed Material\ \ that could lawfully\n be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n b.\ \ To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is\n deemed unenforceable,\ \ it shall be automatically reformed to the\n minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable.\ \ If the provision\n cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License\n\ \ without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and\n conditions.\n\n\ \ c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no\n failure to comply\ \ consented to unless expressly agreed to by the\n Licensor.\n\n d. Nothing in this Public\ \ License constitutes or may be interpreted\n as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any\ \ privileges and immunities\n that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal\n\ \ processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\n\n=======================================================================\n\ \nCreative Commons is not a party to its public\nlicenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons\ \ may elect to apply one of\nits public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances\n\ will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons\npublic licenses is dedicated\ \ to the public domain under the CC0 Public\nDomain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose\ \ of indicating that\nmaterial is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as\notherwise\ \ permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at\ncreativecommons.org/policies, Creative\ \ Commons does not authorize the\nuse of the trademark \"Creative Commons\" or any other trademark\ \ or logo\nof Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,\nwithout limitation,\ \ in connection with any unauthorized modifications\nto any of its public licenses or any\ \ other arrangements,\nunderstandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material.\ \ For\nthe avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the\npublic licenses.\n\ \nCreative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org."